A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

(pdfa.org)

291 points | by DuffJohnson 17 hours ago

17 comments

  • anigbrowl 14 hours ago
    I found this part interesting:

    There are also other documents that appear to simulate a scanned document but completely lack the “real-world noise” expected with physical paper-based workflows. The much crisper images appear almost perfect without random artifacts or background noise, and with the exact same amount of image skew across multiple pages. Thanks to the borders around each page of text, page skew can easily be measured, such as with VOL00007\IMAGES\0001\EFTA00009229.pdf. It is highly likely these PDFs were created by rendering original content (from a digital document) to an image (e.g., via print to image or save to image functionality) and then applying image processing such as skew, downscaling, and color reduction.

    • nullbio 10 minutes ago
      The real question is: Which of the documents are the ones that are "simulating" scanned documents, and what political narrative do they reinforce?

      The only reason I can think of for why someone would want to do this is to pass off fraudulent or AI generated images as real.

    • tombrossman 13 hours ago
      GNOME Desktop users can put this in a Bash script in ~/.local/share/nautilus/ for more convincing looking fake PDF scans, accessible from your right-click menu. I do not recall where I copied it from originally to give credit so thanks, random internet person (probably on Stack Exchange). It works perfectly.

        ROTATION=$(shuf -n 1 -e '-' '')$(shuf -n 1 -e $(seq 0.05 .5))
      
        for pdf in "$@";
          do magick  -density 150 $pdf \
                    -linear-stretch '1.5%x2%' \
                    -rotate 0.4 \
                    -attenuate '0.01' \
                    +noise  Multiplicative \
                    -colorspace 'gray' \
                    "${pdf%.*}-fakescan.${pdf##*.}"
        done
      • lordgrenville 47 minutes ago
        Nothing about this is specific to GNOME, right? Imagemagick is cross-platform
      • barrkel 11 hours ago
        That seq is probably supposed to be $(seq 0.05 0.05 0.5). Right now it's always 0.05.

        Note that you can get random numbers straight from bash with $RANDOM. It's 15 bit (0 to 32767) but good enough here; this would get between 0.05 and 0.5: $(printf "0.%.4d\n" $((500 + RANDOM % 4501)))

      • streetfighter64 12 hours ago
        Shouldn't $ROTATION be set inside the loop and actually used in the magick command?
        • tombrossman 11 hours ago
          You know, now that you point it out that seems obvious. I think maybe I was experimenting with rotation and left that in, unused. I did this years ago. The loop works OK though. Thanks for the feedback (and now I have to finish editing that script ...)
    • streetfighter64 13 hours ago
      Very interesting. That document in particular seems to be an interview of A. Acosta by the DoJ from 2019. But what reason would the FBI have for pretending it's a scanned document, if it is genuine? Perhaps there's some aspect of Epstein's deal with Acosta that they'd rather not reveal to the public?

      https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%207/EFTA000092...

      • juujian 13 hours ago
        Not that I can speak from personal experience or anything... But somebody on an email chain may have requested a scanned version of the document to ensure there is no metadata and the employee might have found it easier to just flatten the pdf and apply a graphical filter to make the document appear like a scanned document. There might even be a webtool available somewhere to do so, I wouldn't know...
        • mikkupikku 13 hours ago
          > the employee might have found it easier to just flatten the pdf and apply a graphical filter to make the document appear like a scanned document

          Is that remotely plausible? I can't imaging faking a scan being easier than just walking down the hall to the copier room.

          • meinersbur 10 hours ago
            The time advantage of faking a scan becomes better the more pages you have to scan.

            https://xkcd.com/1205/

            • usr1106 49 minutes ago
              Nice. But 5 years seems unrealistic. Who stays on the same job using same processes 5 years these days? Even if the task might remain the same, input formats might change, requiring extra maintenance to the tool. Should recalculate that for 3 years before using it in my automation decisions.
              • luplex 22 minutes ago
                you do not work in the public sector, where processes change rarely, slowly, and partially
          • salynchnew 11 hours ago
            If it's already scanned, then you don't have to leave your desk.
          • jojobas 10 hours ago
            It's thousands of pages, surely investing some time in a script is faster. They were in a rush as well.

            If they were faking the documents rather than the delivery method they definitely could have invested some time in flawless looks.

            • smcnally 9 hours ago
              Or more-realistic flawed looks as the case is here.
          • ffsm8 12 hours ago
            Depending on their technical capability, yes.

            I mean even in this thread you got what are essentially one-liners to do it.

            Definitely less hassle then doing it irl

            • mikkupikku 10 hours ago
              I know I'm not the brightest bulb by any measure, but do some people really take less than at least a few minutes to come up with one-liners for problems as novel as graphical transformations to PDFs? Maybe if the presumed techie hacker / federal worker took it as an amusing challenge I could see this being done, but genuinely out of pure laziness? That's incredible if true.
              • vlovich123 1 hour ago
                It’s a mix of “they’ve done it many times before” and these days AI. But remember the “they’ve done it many times before” just means that in a technical and popular forum you’re likely to find the handful of people who have done so regularly enough to remember the one liner. Also this is probably easily searchable as well so even prior to AI not super hard.
              • naniwaduni 9 hours ago
                It's not a novel problem. But yes, I don't think people quite appreciate how quick and easy it is for people who are in the habit of brewing up one-liners to solve simple problems to do that. I've done it here on HN for jq toy problems before, and I don't really doubt there are people similarly familiar with imagemagick.
            • streetfighter64 11 hours ago
              Hoe big a percentage of FBI / DoJ employees are running linux (with imagemagick) as their work computer? I'd be surprised to see a similar oneliner for a stock windows installation.

              Yeah they might have used some web converter, but that on the other hand would have been extremely incompetent handling of the secret data.

        • agopo 12 hours ago
          [dead]
          • ThePowerOfFuet 11 hours ago
            Straight to the signup page? A bit blatant, no?
      • draw_down 13 hours ago
        [dead]
    • hiccuphippo 10 hours ago
      I mean, I do that all the time when they ask me to print something, sign it, and then scan it.

      Sign a blank paper, scan it, paste the original doc on it. Then keep the scan for future docs.

      • foxglacier 1 hour ago
        An easier trick I've used is just sign directly on the computer screen over the displayed document with a whiteboard marker and take a photo with my phone.
  • ted_bunny 15 hours ago
    Has anyone analysed JE's writing style and looked for matches in archived 4chan posts or content from similar platforms? Same with Ghislaine, there should be enough data to identify them atp right? I don't buy the MaxwellHill claims for various reasons but it doesn't mean there's nothing to find.
    • culi 9 hours ago
      There was a post on here about a project in stylometry that analyzed HN users comment history. The tool helped find accounts that had an extremely similar writing style to a given account. The site was soon removed due to privacy concerns but many users with multiple account attested to its accuracy

      https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33755016

      It turns out stylometry is actually a pretty well-developed field. It makes me wanna write an AI browser assistant that can take my comments and stylize them randomly to make it harder to use these sorts of forensics against me

      • DavidPeiffer 3 hours ago
        >It makes me wanna write an AI browser assistant that can take my comments and stylize them randomly to make it harder to use these sorts of forensics against me

        The old trick years ago was to translate from English to different language and back (possibly repeating). I'd be curious how helpful it is against stylometry detection?

        • userbinator 1 hour ago
          The old trick years ago was to translate from English to different language and back (possibly repeating). I'd be curious how helpful it is against stylometry detection?

          If you want to be grouped with foreigners who don't know English, it might work well, although word choices may still be distinctive enough to differentiate even when translated.

    • qoez 15 hours ago
      People always claimed this as a data leak vector but I've always been sceptical. Like just writing style and vocabulary is probably extremely shared among too many people to narrow it down much. (How people that you know could have written this reply?) The counter argument is that he had a very specific style in his mail so maybe this is a special case.
      • Eisenstein 13 hours ago
        If you have a large enough set to test against and a specific person you are looking for, this is totally doable currently.
        • fluoridation 12 hours ago
          Of course it's doable. The question is how reliable the results are.
          • ted_bunny 9 hours ago
            It just needs to find the needles in the haystack. Humans can better verify if they're truly needles.
        • hansvm 9 hours ago
          Not just a test set, but enough of a set to search through and compare against. Several pages of in-depth writing isn't anywhere near sufficient, even when limiting the search space to ~10k people.
      • zxcvasd 14 hours ago
        this is a well-studied field (stylometry). when combining writing styles, vocabulary, posting times, etc. you absolutely can narrow it down to specific people.

        even when people deliberately try to feign some aspects (e.g. switching writing styles for different pseudonyms), they will almost always slip up and revert to their most comfortable style over time. which is great, because if they aren't also regularly changing pseudonyms (which are also subject to limited stylometry, so pseudonym creation should be somewhat randomized in name, location, etc.), you only need to catch them slipping once to get the whole history of that pseudonym (and potentially others, once that one is confirmed).

        • ge96 12 hours ago
          People do change over time, I used to write "ha" after every sentence for some reason
          • wholinator2 11 hours ago
            You know, i had a particularly cringy period in which i put "la" at the end of sentences.
            • ted_bunny 9 hours ago
              Don't throw the baby out with the bathwater. "Ooh, la" sounds really unnatural.

              But on a serious note, what did "la" mean in your context? I've never seen this.

              • durkie 8 hours ago
                It’s a common thing for speakers of Singaporean English to end sentences with la/leh. But no idea if that’s what’s going on here.
                • nurettin 1 hour ago
                  In Turkish la at the end disrespectfully refers to a male person.
          • Exoristos 11 hours ago
            You left off something.
          • zxcvasd 11 hours ago
            sure, not denying that. my writing style is fairly different now in my 40s than it was in my late teens/early twenties.

            but, those changes are usually pretty gradual and relatively small. thats why when attempting to identify someone via writing, you look at several aspects of the writing and not just word choice (grammar, use of specific slang, sentence length, paragraph structure, punctuation, etc.). it is highly unlikely that all aspects of someones writing changes at the same time. simply removing "ha" is inconsequential to identification if not much else changed.

            additionally, this data is typically combined with other data/patterns (posting times, username (themes, length, etc.), writing that displays certain types of expertise, and more) to increase the confidence level of correct identification.

        • scythe 9 hours ago
          Stylometry is okay if you're trying to deanonymize a large enough sample text. A reddit account would be doable. But individual 4chan posts? You barely have enough content within the text limit.
    • Der_Einzige 15 hours ago
      Stylometry is extremely sophisticated even with simple n-gram analysis. There's a demo of this that can easily pick out who you are on HN just based on a few paragraphs of your own writing, based on N-gram analysis.

      https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33755016

      You can also unironically spot most types of AI writing this way. The approaches based on training another transformer to spot "AI generated" content are wrong.

      • mrandish 14 hours ago
        > You can also unironically spot most types of AI writing this way.

        I have no idea if specialized tools can reliably detect AI writing but, as someone whose writing on forums like HN has been accused a couple of times of being AI, I can say that humans aren't very good at it. So far, my limited experience with being falsely accused is it seems to partly just be a bias against being a decent writer with a good vocabulary who sometimes writes longer posts.

        As for the reliability of specialized tools in detecting AI writing, I'm skeptical at a conceptual level because an LLM can be reinforcement trained with feedback from such a tool (RLTF instead of RLHF). While they may be somewhat reliable at the moment, it seems unlikely they'll stay that way.

        Unfortunately, since there are already companies marketing 'AI detectors' to academic institutions, they won't stop marketing them as their reliability continues to get worse. Which will probably result in an increasing shit show of false accusations against students.

        • pcthrowaway 6 hours ago
          > I can say that humans aren't very good at it

          You're assuming the people making accusations of posts being written by AI are from humans (which I agree are not good at making this determination). However, computers analyzing massive datasets are likely to be much better at it , and this can also be a Werewolf/Mafia/Killers-type situation where AI frequently accuses posters it believes are human, of being AI, to diminish the severity of accusations and blend in better.

        • streetfighter64 11 hours ago
          Well, humans might be great at detecting AI (few false negatives) but might falsely accuse humans more often (higher false positive rate). You might be among a set of humans being falsely accused a lot, but that's just proof that "heuristic stylometry" is consistent, it doesn't really say anything about the size of that set.
      • mikkupikku 13 hours ago
        Hacker News is one of the best places for this, because people write relatively long posts and generally try to have novel ideas. On 4chan, most posts are very short memey quips, so everybody's style is closer to each others than it is to their normal writing style.
      • digiown 14 hours ago
        Funnily this also implies that laundering your writing through an AI is a good way to defeat stylometry. You add in a strong enough signal, and hopefully smooth out the rest.
      • diamondage 15 hours ago
        Why are they wrong? Surely it depends on how you train it?
    • kmeisthax 15 hours ago
      I'm pretty sure Epstein tried to meet with moot at least once: https://www.jmail.world/search?q=chris+poole
      • acessoproibido 15 hours ago
        That is a crazy amount of emails from/about moot...
      • nubg 15 hours ago
        He met with moot ("he is sensitive, be gentile", search on jmail), and within a few days the /pol/ board got created, starting a culture war in the US, leading to Trump getting elected president. Absolutely nuts.
        • albroland 13 hours ago
          Few thoughts: in context it's not nuts at all:

          - moot was fundraising for his VC backed startup during the years the emails are in, and he was likely connected via mutuals in USV or other firms. These meetings were clearly around him trying to solicit investment in his canv.as project.

          - /pol/ was /new/ being returned; the ethos of the board had already existed for a long time and the decision to undo the deletion of /new/ was entirely unsurprising for denizens at the time, and was consistent with a concerted push moot was making for more transparency in the enforcement of rules on the site and fairness towards users who followed the rules. /pol/ didn't start a culture war at this time any more than /new/ had previously - it just existed as a relatively content-unmoderated platform for people to discuss earnestly what would get them banned elsewhere.

          • mikkupikku 12 hours ago
            Besides /new/ there was also /n/ (not at that time about transportation.) Moot's war with people being racist on 4chan had many back and forths before /pol/ was created.
        • acessoproibido 15 hours ago
          I always wondered how much of a cultural etc influence 4Chan actually had (has?) - so much of the mindset and vernacular that was popular there 10+ years ago is now completely mainstream.
          • jazzyjackson 15 hours ago
            Ah, a rare opportunity to share a blog post that had a big effect on my political outlook back in 2016, Meme Magic Is Real, You Guys

            Who can say what effect it had on the world, but a presidential candidate reposting himself personified as Pepe the frog was still weird back then, and at least a nod to the trolls doing so much work on his behalf

            https://medium.com/tryangle-magazine/meme-magic-is-real-you-... (dismissable login wall)

            • streetfighter64 11 hours ago
              Counterpoint: https://youtube.com/watch?v=r8Y-P0v2Hh0

              Summary: Trump used memes not in the sense of pepes but in the original (Dawkins') sense of "earworm" soundbites, along with a torrent of scandals, each making the previous seem like old news, to exploit a public tired of the "status quo" into voting for a zany wildcard pushing for reactionary policy

          • PlatoIsADisease 9 hours ago
            I remember in high school finding the whole nazi thing funny. They were literal losers in ww2. It was like drawing a communist hammer and sickle.

            Looking back on it, I wonder if this was priming.

            I didn't fall for it. They are still losers, but the encyclopedia dramatica with swastikas looks way way way less funny in 2026 than it did in 2008.

        • GaryBluto 15 hours ago
          /pol/ in no way started the American culture war. It was brewing for a while.
          • _--__--__ 15 hours ago
            pol was made to contain all posting on the American culture war so it could be banned from the other (more active) boards
          • WetMinister 13 hours ago
            You’re acting as if https://doge.gov does not exist. Ask yourself under which presidency, administration and kind of politics such is allowed to even exist with a straight face.
            • GaryBluto 11 hours ago
              It would've existed regardless of internet memes, just under a different and similarly obnoxious name.
              • whattheheckheck 4 hours ago
                You actually think if we replayed society and magically shut off internet memes it would have played out the exact same but under a different name?
          • actionfromafar 14 hours ago
            Well, broke the levee if you will. Otherwise, explain Pepe.
            • GaryBluto 14 hours ago
              I hardly think an internet image of a cartoon frog heavily influenced American elections, despite a surface-level co-option by various Republican politicians.
              • actionfromafar 14 hours ago
                I agree completely.

                I'm just saying, it's a symptom. The crazy found critical mass, broke containment. From there it was laundered in millions of Facebook groups and here we are.

          • jahsome 15 hours ago
            In no way?
        • dopa42365 14 hours ago
          Given the "nature" of 4chan (only a few hundred posts and a few thousand comments at a time, the vast majority of it shitposts and spam), it just can't do that. The imageboard format and limits basically prevent any scaling and mainstream success. If you follow any of the general threads in pol or sp for a while, you'll spot the same few people all the time, it's a tiny community of active users.
          • thatguy0900 14 hours ago
            I think the logic is Pol didn't need to reach the masses, the masses only consume content they don't create it. You only need to radicalize the few people who then go on to be the 1% of people commenting and posting.
            • mort96 13 hours ago
              There's an old joke that 9gag* only reposts stuff from Reddit and Reddit only reposts stuff from 4chan and 4chan is the origin of all meme culture. This joke was widespread enough to reach myself and my friend group back in the day, even though none of used 4chan or Reddit.

              If you radicalise the 0.01% of people who are prolific meme creators, you radicalise the masses.

              * I did say old...

              • direwolf20 10 hours ago
                And Facebook repeats stuff from 9gag
        • mort96 14 hours ago
          Just to substantiate this a bit: I remember a gleeful consensus in certain circles being that /pol/ and /r/the_donald had "memed Trump into the White House". It's much more complicated than that, but there's certainly an element of truth there.
          • ronnier 12 hours ago
            Then Reddit and almost all of social media went on to purge trump and pro trump content. The Donald was banned. Trump deplatformed across social media.
            • mort96 11 hours ago
              That's true, but not really relevant to this discussion. You can't really deplatform a president; yes he was no longer on Twitter, but roughly 8 billion people listen any time he speaks.
            • dashundchen 3 hours ago
              2015 - 2016 reddit was exploited to hell by the_donald and other associated reddits. Things like coordinated up voting of a pinned post to get it to shoot up the front page, private chats to manipulate voting in a page.

              There would be times when you would go to the r/all and half the page would be posts from them.

              Not to mention a lot of the organized harassment a lot of the mods/power users of that sub caused in the years after. It was a mess.

              Hey quick question, around January 2021, what would happened that caused Trump to be deplatformed? Anything stick out in your mind?

            • plagiarist 5 hours ago
              That subreddit was banned far too late. They had been urging for violence and hatred for quite some time. But action was taken only after the clowns inside of it were declaring they'd murder police officers executing a warrant (regarding legislators staying home to block quorum or whatever it was).

              Of course in 2026 it is apparently fine to break into homes without a warrant and execute protesters. The same people are able to "believe" two literally opposite concepts.

        • LAC-Tech 10 hours ago
          be gentile

          We're just not going to talk about that one I suppose?

          • ted_bunny 9 hours ago
            'Sensitive' in this context can mean antisemitic. At least that's how I've heard this joke used.
            • LAC-Tech 9 hours ago
              Must be russian or qatari humour <|:o)
        • kipchak 15 hours ago
          Which meeting are you seeing? That search doesn't seem to work for me, I'm only seeing the one Jan 2012.
        • shrubble 14 hours ago
          I don’t agree with this analysis.

          The reason I don’t agree is that moot banned any Gamergate discussion and those people then went to 8chan, a site which moot had no control over.

          And it was Gamergate that put some fuel on the fire which (IMHO) increased support for Trump. The 8chan site grew a great deal from it, then continued from that first initial “win”.

          • kmeisthax 13 hours ago
            From moot's perspective, it can be as simple as being convinced by some rich guy you've never heard of to bring back the politics board. He doesn't need to have an intent to start a fascist coup, that's Epstein's job. GamerGate is just the point at which moot realized he'd fucked up and destroyed 4chan imageboard culture by letting /pol/ fester.
      • whattheheckheck 4 hours ago
  • yonatan8070 15 hours ago
    A bit off-topic, but I find it kinda funny that the "Decline" button on the cookie popup on this page is labled "Continue without consent".
    • Paracompact 10 hours ago
      They're really trying to guilt trip you.
    • direwolf20 10 hours ago
      Damn, so the website about the Epstein is Epstein too
  • waynenilsen 17 hours ago
    > Information leakage may also be occurring via PDF comments or orphaned objects inside compressed object streams, as I discovered above.

    hopefully someone is independently archiving all documents

    my understanding is that some are being removed

    • agilob 15 hours ago
      Reddit is also removing and shadowbannig such posts, but there's a community on https://lemmy.world/post/42440468
    • some_random 16 hours ago
      Are they being removed or replaced with more heavily redacted documents? There were definitely some victim names that slipped through the cracks that have since been redacted.
    • embedding-shape 16 hours ago
      Initially under "Epstein Files Transparency Act (H.R.4405)" on https://www.justice.gov/epstein/doj-disclosures, all datasets had .zip links. I first saw that page when all but dataset 11 (or 10) had a .zip link. At one point this morning, all the .zip links were removed, now it seems like most are back again.
    • littlecorner 16 hours ago
      I think some of the released documents included images of victims, which where redacted. So it's not necessarily malicious removals
      • dylan604 15 hours ago
        That's my understanding too, so archiving the unredacted images could mean holding CSAM.
        • streetfighter64 14 hours ago
          Which is of course very convenient for the government, similar to when wikileaks got prosecuted for holding state secrets.
      • thatguy0900 14 hours ago
        If we're assuming they didn't leave victims unredacted on purpose
        • streetfighter64 9 hours ago
          Pretty devious tactic if so. Chilling effect on both any further witnesses and anybody interested in archiving the data (gives them an ethical conundrum at least). In addition to giving them (the feds) a convenient excuse to take down random docs.
          • thatguy0900 9 hours ago
            Not about a ethical conondrum when rehosting. Anyone who rehosts the whole files can be accused of hosting child porn and doxxing and taken down.
  • embedding-shape 16 hours ago
    Re the OCR, I'm currently running allenai/olmocr-2-7b against all the PDFs with text in them, comparing with the OCR DOJ provided, and a lot it doesn't match, and surprisingly olmocr-2-7b is quite good at this. However, after extracing the pages from the PDFs, I'm currently sitting on ~500K images to OCR, so this is currently taking quite a while to run through.
    • originalvichy 16 hours ago
      Did you take any steps to decrease the dimension size of images, if this increases the performance? I have not tried this as I have not peformed an OCR task like this with an LLM. I would be interested to know at what size the vlm cannot make out the details in text reliably.
      • embedding-shape 16 hours ago
        The performance is OK, takes a couple of seconds at most on my GPU, just the amount of documents to get through that takes time, even with parallelism. The dimension seems fine as it is, as far as I can tell.
    • helterskelter 16 hours ago
      [flagged]
      • embedding-shape 16 hours ago
        Haven't seen anything particular about that, but lots of the documents with names that were half-redacted contain OCRd text that is completely garbled, but olmocr-2-7b seems to handle it just fine. Unsure if they just had sucky processes or if there is something else going on.
        • helterskelter 16 hours ago
          Might be a good fit for uploading a git repo and crowdsourcing
          • embedding-shape 15 hours ago
            Was my first impulse too but not sure I trust that unless I could gather a bunch of people I trust, which would mean I'd no longer be anonymous. Kind of a catch22.
          • direwolf20 10 hours ago
            GitHub would ban you
  • originalvichy 16 hours ago
    Any guesses why some of the newest files seem to have random ”=” characters in the text? My first thought was OCR, but it seemed to not be linked to characters like ”E” that could be mistakenly interpreted by an OCR tool. My second guess is just making it more difficult to produce reliable text searches, but probably 90% of HN readers could find a way to make a search tool that does not fall apart in case a ”=” character is found (although making this work for long search queries would make the search slower).
    • torh 16 hours ago
      Was on the frontpage yesterday: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46868759
    • ripe 16 hours ago
      The equal characters are due to poor handling of quoted-printable in email.

      The author of gnus, Lars Ingebrigtsen, wrote a blog post explaining this. His post was on the HN front page today.

      • originalvichy 16 hours ago
        He explained the newline thing that confused me. Good read!
  • Beijinger 12 hours ago
    What would be more interesting: His Bank accounts.

    Who paid him?

    Who did get paid?

    • PantaloonFlames 9 hours ago
      And for sure the DOJ knows this, or can know it if they want.
      • whattheheckheck 4 hours ago
        You think the personal lawyers of Donald Trump Pam Bondi and Todd Blanche will follow the money unbiasedly? As well as children's book, The Plot Against the King, author Kash Patel and FBI director? As well as Russian asset herself, Tulsa Gabbard director of National Intelligence want to do anything against their power source?
        • ttoinou 2 hours ago
          Yet this was released under their term and not previous presidential terms
          • bigyabai 54 minutes ago
            > previous presidential terms

            Term, not plural. There was one (1) interceding administration following Epstein's death.

            Trump promised that the Epstein files would be released if he was reelected, and then withheld files. Congress passed a bill remediating this, hence the newer tranche of files: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein_Files_Transparency_Act

        • wtcactus 59 minutes ago
          The democrats had these files and all that information in their power for what? 5 years? And what did they do?

          Stop making this a partisan issue. It’s not, and nobody that’s not completely biased beyond any rationality will ever see it as such.

    • lifestyleguru 6 hours ago
      Follow the money root cause analysis never reaches the public, although the analysis will impact the real power shift. General public will receive just enough information so that one group of people can hate another group of people.
  • JKCalhoun 3 hours ago
    Interesting, there are a handful of PDFs in the drop that appear to be an email with a Base64 encoded attachment—inline.

    OCR is so bad of course that decoding the Base64 seems futile without a lot of effort.

    Example: https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2011/EFTA02609...

    (More mentioned here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Epstein/comments/1qu9az2/theres_unr...)

  • _def 16 hours ago
    I can't even download the archive, the transmission always terminates just before its finished. Spooky.
  • shevy-java 9 hours ago
    So I have been wondering about this ...

    Some of the gathered data is shown here, right? Probably not all.

    Now ... that's static information though. That's not really an analysis, most definitely not an independent (open ended) analysis. And it will only show a very incomplete part of the full picture.

    This is why I think the "release the files" movement, as good as they are, seems incomplete. I'd rather know a lot more about how they operate their networks, getting away involving underage women. How about secret services of other countries? Should that not also be highly important? So why is there not really a larger investigation as well as independent analysis? Those .pdf files alone can not tell the whole picture. That can just be the tip of the iceberg; and it evidently involves other countries too, with Prince Andrew being the most famous here (aka, the UK, but we already saw that other countries also have similar issues where people suddenly had to step away from politics when it was found out they visited the party-locations of Mr. Epstein).

    • whattheheckheck 4 hours ago
      Its about showing the public the whole system is corrupt and the wheels of justice have turned into squares if not entirely removed. Its the eulogy of the American justice system and probably the America as a whole. Welcome to the speedy decline
  • nkozyra 16 hours ago
    > DoJ explicitly avoids JPEG images in the PDFs probably because they appreciate that JPEGs often contain identifiable information, such as EXIF, IPTC, or XMP metadata

    Maybe I'm underestimating the issue at full, but isn't this a very lightweight problem to solve? Is converting the images to lower DPI formats/versions really any easier than just stripping the metadata? Surely the DOJ and similar justice agencies have been aware of and doing this for decades at this point, right?

    • DharmaPolice 15 hours ago
      This is speculation but generally rules like this follow some sort of incident. e.g. Someone responds to a FOI request and accidentally discloses more information than desired due to metadata. So a blanket rule is instituted not to use a particular format.
    • originalvichy 16 hours ago
      Maybe they know more than we do. It may be possible to tamper with files at a deeper level. I wonder if it is also possible to use some sort of tampered compression algorithm that could mark images much like printers do with paper.

      Another guess is that perhaps the step is a part of a multi-step sanitation process, and the last step(s) perform the bitmap operation.

      • normalaccess 16 hours ago
        I'm not sure about computer image generation but you can (relatively) easily fingerprint images generated by digital cameras due to sensor defects. I'll bet there is a similar problem with PC image generation where even without the EXIF data there is probably still too much side channel data leakage.
    • Eisenstein 12 hours ago
      Image metadata is the wild west of structured text. The developer of the foremost tool for dealing with it (exiftool) has made 'remove metadata' feature but still disclaims that it is not able to remove everything.
      • zahlman 12 hours ago
        How could that be possible? Isn't JPEG a fairly straightforward container for JFIF+metadata?
        • Paracompact 10 hours ago
          "Fairly straightforward" is incorrect. Not an authority to describe in more detail, but the most tricky blocker I'm aware of are these proprietary "MakerNote" tags from camera manufacturers, which are (often undocumented) binary blobs. exiftool might not even know what's in there, let alone how to safely remove it without corrupting the file.
          • zahlman 2 hours ago
            > exiftool might not even know what's in there, let alone how to safely remove it without corrupting the file.

            But isn't it a contiguous sequence of data whose length is determined by the container format?

  • bugeats 16 hours ago
    Somebody ought to train an LLM exclusively on this text, just for funsies.
    • pc86 16 hours ago
      DeepSeek-V4-JEE
      • TheKnownSecret 15 hours ago
        It would be funny (and disturbing) to add Jemini to JMail.
  • corygarms 16 hours ago
    These folks must really have their hands full with the 3M+ pages that were recently released. Hoping for an update once they expand this work to those new files.
    • seydor 12 hours ago
      why do we count this in "pages" when it's mostly an email dump
      • rigrassm 7 hours ago
        Based on my random poking around through the latest datasets for a few hours, while there are a bunch of emails, I don't know if it's "mostly" emails.

        That said, in my opinion they are using "pages" as the metric because it makes the number sound huge.

  • tibbon 17 hours ago
    That's a lot of PeDoFiles!

    (But seriously, great work here!)

  • mmooss 15 hours ago
    What is the legal basis for releasing the someone's private files and communications? If they can do it to Epstein, they can do it to you, to the Washington Post journalist, to former President Clinton, etc.

    Is the scope at least limited somehow? Generally I favor transparency, but of course probably the most important parts are withheld.

    • toast0 15 hours ago
      > What is the legal basis for releasing the someone's private files and communications?

      An act of congress, for one.

      Also, AFAIK, federal privacy generally ends at death, as does criminal liability; so releasing government files from a federal investigation after death of the subject is generally within the realm of acceptable conduct.

      • mmooss 11 hours ago
        Yes, I forgot about that major part of the story! Still, acts of Congress can't violate Consitutional rights.

        It seems unlikely you lose all rights when you die or it would be chaos - imagine all the secrets people die with that affect everyone they know. An integral part of every estate plan would be incinerating records. Wills do have real power.

        • toast0 11 hours ago
          Your estate retains many of your rights when you die. However, the federal privacy act explicitly does not apply. Your estate may have privacy rights via the Constitution, although privacy is not specifically enumerated. Your estate may have privacy rights via state law; but that wouldn't bar the federal government from disclosing its investigative materials.

          OTOH, there's a 2004 case, National Archives & Records Administration v. Favish[1], which establishes the surviving family's right of privacy to death scene photos, but that's technically not privacy of the deceased.

          [1] https://www.justice.gov/archives/oip/blog/foia-post-2004-sup...

        • cindyllm 11 hours ago
          [dead]
    • anigbrowl 14 hours ago
      • zahlman 12 hours ago
        I assume this could not have passed while he was alive, because of the "bill of attainder" thing?

        (It also surprises me that this passed anyway, given that both sides of the aisle seem to have people with clear reason to keep it covered up... ?)

        (Also, Maxwell is specifically named, and is still alive... ?)

    • pyvpx 15 hours ago
      I believe a literal Act of Congress…
    • dwater 15 hours ago
      It was passed into law by congress and signed by the president:

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein_Files_Transparency_Act

    • streetfighter64 14 hours ago
      Given what we've seen so far, there's probably some very interesting stuff in Clinton's private files and communications. Not to mention the stuff in current president Trump's. Some random journalist, probably not. Unless it's a very wealthy and/or connected journalist like David Brooks...
    • pstuart 15 hours ago
      I'd assume it was the nature of the case, and that discovery was done with him being dead.
    • todfox 13 hours ago
      He was a pedophile sex trafficker. Epstein and his clients deserve zero privacy.
      • PantaloonFlames 9 hours ago
        You’ve sidestepped the important part of the question.
      • mmooss 11 hours ago
        Who determines who deserves privacy, and how do they determine it?
  • meidan_y 17 hours ago
    (2025) just follow hn guideline, impressive voter ring though
    • alain94040 17 hours ago
      We're in early February 2025 [edit:2026] and the article was written on Dec 23, 2025, which makes it less than two months old. I think it's ok not to include a year in the submission title in that case.

      I personally understand a year in the submission as a warning that the article may not be up to date.

      • embedding-shape 16 hours ago
        Less about the age, and more about confusing what they are analyzing, for the files that were just released like a week ago.
      • petepete 17 hours ago
        We're in Feb 2026.

        I'm not used to typing it yet, either.

      • GlitchRider47 17 hours ago
        Generally, I'd agree with you. However, the recent Epstein file dump was in 2026, not 2025, so I would say it is relevant in this case..
      • michaelmcdonald 17 hours ago
        "We're in early February ~2025~ *2026*"
  • NoToP 15 hours ago
    This is so incredibly useful to me right now for incidental reasons I am commenting to make sure I can get back to it.
    • layer8 13 hours ago
      HN lets you mark submissions (and comments) as favorites, no need to spam the thread.